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In previous articles on Mariyah, which can be seen here and here, I presented many classical to contemporary sources that Mariyah was indeed married to Prophet Muhammed (p). The claim that she was a slave, we found this historically untenable.
In this third series on Mariyah, we look at a dozen reports after Prophet Muhammed’s demise – wherein the companions and his wives of Prophet Muhammed (p) state that he did not leave any slave or slave-women behind (past tense).
From these reports we will deduce a further proof that when he was alive he did not have any slave or slave-women in his possession nor did he leave one after his death.
Sahih al-Bukhari:
Narrated ‘Amir bin Al-Harith: Allah’s Apostle (Prophet Muhammad) did not leave a Dinar or a Dirham (Arab form of currency or money) or a male or a female slave. He left only his white mule on which he used to ride, and his weapons, and a piece of land which he gave in charity for the needy travelers. (Bukhari volume 5, Book 59, Number 738)
Sahih al-Bukhari:
Narrated Amr bin Al-Harith: (The brother of the wife of Allah’s Apostle. Juwaira bint Al-Harith) When Allah’s Apostle (Prophet Muhammad) died, he did not leave any Dirham or Dinar (i.e. money), a slave or a slave woman or anything else except his white mule, his arms and a piece of land which he had given in charity .(Bukhari volume 4, Book 51, Number 2)
Sunan an-Nasa’i:
It was narrated that ‘Amr bin Al-Harith said: “The Messenger of Allah did not leave behind a Dinar nor a Dirham, or any slave, male or female; except his white mule which he used to ride, his weapon and some land which he left to be used for the cause of Allah.” (One of the narrators) Qutaibah said on one occasion: “In charity.” (Sunan an-Nasa’i 3594 volume 4, Book 29, Hadith 3624, Sahih Darussalam)
Riyad as-Salihin:
‘Amr bin Al-Harith the brother of Juwairiyah, (the Mother of believers) reported: (When he died) Messenger of Allah left neither a dinar nor a dirham nor a male slave nor a female slave, nor anything else except his white riding mule, his weapons and his land which he had given in charity to wayfarers. (Riyad as-Salihin Book 1, Hadith 475)
Bulugh al-Maram
’Amro bin al-Harith, the brother of Juwairiyah the mother of Believers (the wife of the Prophet narrated, ‘When Allah’s Messenger died, he did not leave a Dinar or a Dirham, a slave or a slave-woman, or anything but his white she-mule, his weapons and a piece of land which he appointed as Sadaqah.’ (Bulugh al-Maram Book 15, Hadith 1478)
Ahmad Ibn Hanbal:
“Imam Ahmad stated that Ishaq b. Yusuf related to him, from Sufyan, from Asim, from Zirr b. Hubaysh, from A’isha, who said, ‘The Messenger of God (SAAS) did not leave a dinar, a dirham, a slave-girl, a slave, a sheep or a camel.” (Al-Sirah Nabawiyya volume 4, page 403)
Ahmad Ibn Hanbal:
Imam Ahmad stated that Waki related to him, quoting Mis’ar, from Asim b. Abu al-Nujud, from Zirr, who quoted A’isha, as having said, ‘The Messenger of God (SAAS) did not leave a dinar, a dirham, a slave, a female slave, a sheep or a camel. (Al-Sirah Nabawiyya volume 4, page 403)
Al-Bayhaqi:
Al-Bayhaqi went on to state that Mis’ar informed him, from Adi b. Thabit, from Ali b. al-Husayn, who said, ‘The Messenger of God (SAAS) did not leave a dinar, a dirham, a slave or a slave-born female.’ (Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyya volume 4, page 403)
Ahmad Ibn Hanbal:
“Imam Ahmad stated that Abd al-Samad related him, quoting Thabit, quoting Hilal, from Ikrama, from Ibn Abbas who said, ‘The Prophet (SAAS) gazed towards Mt. Uhud and said, ‘By Him who holds my soul in His hand, how it would please me if Mt. Uhud belonged to Muhammad’s people and I could spend it in God’s cause! The day I die I would have two dinars worth of it; these, however, I would set aside for debt.’ He did die, but did not leave a dinar, a dirham, a slave, nor a slave-born female. He left his armour still pledged to a Jew for thirty sa’s weight of barley.’” (Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyya volume 4, page 404)
And:
“2743. It was narrated from Ibn Abbas that the Prophet looked at Uhud and said: ‘By the One in Whose hand is the soul of Muhammad, I would not like Uhud to be turned to gold for the family of Muhammad and I spend it for the sake of Allah, then on the day I die I have two dinars left of it, unless I have set them aside to pay debts.’ Then he died and he did not leave behind dinars or dirhams, or male or female slaves; he left behind his shield which was held in pledge with a Jewish man for thirty sa’s of barley.” (English Translation of Musnad Imam Ahmed Bin Hanbal, volume 2, Page 583) Saheeh chain)
The above Hadith reports tell us that he did not leave any slave behind him (past tense), the reports does not say they were released after his death. There is a big difference between he did not leave any slave (paste tense) and he did leave slaves only to be released after his death. The Hadith does not show that he had any slaves even before his death.
Furthermore, what it is intriguing about these authentic reports are that the companions report what he left behind after his death. They all mention that he did not leave any slave or slave-women. But at the same time mention what he left behind i.e., mule, his weapons and some land and an armour who he left to a Jew.
Surely, if Mariyah was a slave and she is undeniably far more important than a shield, mule or land, shouldn’t she be mentioned in clear words that she was a slave, left behind and set free after his demise? This was Mariya we are speaking about, the woman who gave birth to the Prophet’s son, Ibrahim.
Some may claim that the Prophet (p) freed Mariyah after his death, but there is absolutely no evidence from these reports to suggest that. The only explanation that is more plausible is that she was not a slave to begin with, as the evidences I have shown from the two articles before, and this piece as well.
We see that she not mentioned, and this should give us a clear indication that she was not considered to be a slave by the Prophet’s companions nor his wife Aisha.
Conclusion:
From the evidences presented in these reports we can deduce clearly that when Prophet Muhammed (p) was alive, before his death – he did not have any slave or slave-women in his possession, nor did he leave one after his death.
Prophet Muhammed (p) lived a modest and simple life as a poor man. Furthermore, the Prophet (p) living such a simple and modest life, how could any sensible person, then accuse a man like him of being infatuated with materialistic gains and possessions of this World? Emperors, Kings and Presidents, they seek glory from materialistic world. The facts however show and prove that the aim of Prophet Muhammed (p) was to spread Islam to everyone peacefully, for the benefit of mankind.
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