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News had reached the Prophet that Banu Muharib and Banu Talabah tribes, who were in alliance together were planning to raid Madina and harm the Prophet (p). Hence, the Prophet prepared with his Companions to engage the enemy.
Historical report
Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir – Ibn Sa’d:
“GHAZWAH OF THE APOSTLE OF ALLAH, AGAINST THE GHATAFAN
Then (occurred) the ghazwah of the Apostle of Allah against the Ghatafan at Dhu Amarr in Najd in the territory of al-Nukhayl, in the month of Rabi al-Awwal after the commencement of the twenty-fifth month from his hijrah. It’s cause was that it (report) had reached the Apostle of Allah, that a party of Banu Tha’labah and Muharib had mobilized at Dhu Amarr. They had mobilized with a view to surround the Apostle of Allah, on all sides. A person of Banu Muharib known as Du’thur Ibn al-Harith had mobilized them. The Apostle of Allah, assembled the Muslims. He marched at the head of four hundred and fifty men, having horses, on 12 Rabi al-Awwal. He left Uthman Ibn Affan as his vicegerent in al-Madinah. They captured one of their men known as Jabbar, a person of Banu Tha’labah at Dhu al-Qassah. He was brought before the Apostle of Allah. He (Jabbar) furnished him (Prophet) with information about them, and said: They will never confront you. If they learn of your march they will flee to the peaks of the mountains. …” [1]
Scholars
Hajjah Amina Adil:
“THE RAID OF DHU AMARR
Again it was in the 25th of the Hijra in the month of Rabi’ al-Awwal that the raid of Dhu Amarr took place. This raid is also called the Raid of Ghatafan. Dhu Amarr is the name of a place in the Najd. The tribes of the Bani Tha’laba and Bani Muharib were renowned as extremely fierce, war-like men, and they were now engaged in setting their forces on a war footing against the Muslims. No sooner had the Holy Prophet heard about this that he left Uthman Ibn Affan in charge of things in Madinah, and set out with an army of 450 men. When the pagan Arabs heard of the strength of the force the Prophet was leading against them, they all fled into the mountains. Only one person from the tribe of the Bani Thalaba was taken prisoner, and when he was brought into the presence of the Holy Prophet, he met his fate ordained from pre-eternity…” [2]
Safiur-Rahman Al-Mubarakpuri:
“THE INVASION OF DHI AMR
In Muharram. 3 A.H., the Prophet’s intelligence personnel reported that Banu Thalaba and Banu Muharib were gathering troops with the aim of raiding the outskirts of Madinah. The Prophet at the head of 450 horsemen and footmen set out to handle this new situation. This was his largest military exercise prior to the battle of Uhud. Uthman Bin Afan was asked to take charge of the affairs of the Muslims in Madinah. On their way, they captured a man who embraced Islam and acted as a guide for the army. When the enemies heard of the approach of the Muslims, they hurriedly dispersed in the mountains and disappeared. The Muslims encamped at a watering place called Dhi Amr for the whole of Safar 3 A.H.” [3]
Bashir Aḥmad M.A.:
“Ghazwah of Dhi ‘Amr – Muḥarram or Safar 3 A.H.
In the account of the Ghazwah of Qarqaratul-Kudr, it has already been mentioned how upon the instigation of the Quraish, the tribes of Sulaim and Ghatafan had become bent upon utterly destroying Islam and the Founder of Islam by an offensive strategy. Shortly thereafter, upon the proposal of a renowned warrior from among themselves named Da‘thur bin Ḥarith, the people of the Banu Tha‘labah and Banu Maḥarib, which were tribes of the Banu Ghatafan, began to assemble in a place called Dhi ‘Amr, situted in Najd, with the intention of launching a sudden attack upon Madinah. However, since the Holy Prophet would keep a constant watch on the movements of his enemies, he was able to receive timely intelligence as to the deadly motives of these tribes. Therefore, in the likeness of a vigilant general, as a pre-emptive measure, the Holy Prophet assembled a force of 450 Companions, and set out from Madīnah towards the end of Muharram 3 A.H., or in the beginning of Ṣafar 4 A.H.5 Advancing swiftly, the Holy Prophet reached close to Dhi ‘Amr. As soon as the enemy was informed of the arrival of the Holy Prophet, they quickly climbed to the nearby mountains in order to secure themselves, and when the Muslims reached Dhi ‘Amr, the plain was empty. Albeit, the companions managed to apprehend a bedouin named Jabbar, who belonged to the Banu Tha‘labah. The Companions took him captive and presented him before the Holy Prophet. When the Holy Prophet inquired of him as to the facts, it was ascertained that all of the people from the Banu Tha‘labah and Banu Maḥarib had secured themselves in the mountains, and they would not confront the Muslims in an open field. With no other alternative, the Holy Prophet was compelled to order a return. Nonetheless, the benefit which was indeed derived from this Ghazwah was that the threat posed by the Banu Ghatafan at the time was temporarily averted. Jabbar, who had been taken captive at the hands of the Muslims happily became a Muslim by the preaching of the Holy Prophet, who assigned the task of training him to Bilal. After a stay of three days, the Holy Prophet returned to Madinah. In light of various historical records, it is suggested that it was this very Ghazwah in which the incident took place where a bedouin leader threatened to attack the Holy Prophet with a sword, upon finding him alone and unmindful, but then upon becoming awe-stricken himself, he dropped the sword. However, provided that this incident did not take place twice, it is ascertained from the Aḥadith that this occurrence took place during the Ghazwah of Dhatur-Riqa‘, which according to authentic narrations took place in 7 A.H.” [4]
Shaikh Abdullah ibn Muhammad:
“…the cause of it was that a number of Banu Tha’labah and Muharib had joined forces for the purpose of a raid. The person who had gathered them together was Da’toor ibn Al-Harith Al-Muharibi. Al-Khateeb called him Ghawrath and others called him Ghawrak and he was known as a brave man. The Messenger of Allah appointed Uthman Ibn Affan to take charge of the affairs of Al-Madinah.
When they heard of his approach, they fled high into the mountans. The Muslims caught one man from among them whose name was Jabbar, from Abu Tha’labah. He was taken to the Messenger of Allah, who invited him to Islam and he embraced Islam, after which he put him in Bilal’s charge.” [5]
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References:
[1] Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Ibn Sa’d, volume 2, page 39 – 40
[2] Muhammad, the Messenger of Islam: His Life & Prophecy by Hajjah Amina Adil, page 310
[3] Sealed Nectar, By Safiur-Rahman Al-Mubarakpuri, page 286 – 287
[4] The Life & Character of the Seal of Prophets (Sīrat Khatamun-Nabiyyīn) By Mirza Bashir Aḥmad M.A., volume 2, page 292 – 293
[5] Biography Of the Prophet – By Shaikh Abdullah ibn al-Shaikh Muhammad Ibn Abdul Wahab,
volume 1, page 471 – 472
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